Planer and similar machine



July 7, 1936. G. H. BENZON. JR

PLANER AND SIMILAR MACHINE 3 SheetsSheec 1 July 7, 1936; G, BENZON JR 2,047,052

PLANER AND SIMILAR MACHINE Filed June 14, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 F z L y 1936- G. H. BENZON. JR

PLANER AND SIMILAR MACHINE Filed June 14, 1934 Patented July 7, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PLANER AND SIMILAR. MACHINE vania Application June 14, 1934, Serial No. 730.668

8 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in planers and similar machines.

In this type of machine, it has been heretofore proposed to so mount a tool, or tools, on the machine that a cutting operation may be performed in both phases in the relative reciprocation of the tool and work rather than in a single phase as is ordinarily the practice. Such devices with which I am familiar may be roughly divided into three classes; in one class the tool mounting is of such character that it may be oscillated about an axis paralleling the work to alternately present one of two cutting faces which are spaced longitudinally of the work table. Where a straight longitudinal oscillation about an axis transverse to the work is resorted to and a single tool is employed, it is impossible to have a side clearance on the tool except by a very difiicult grinding operation on a cumbersome and heavy tool for, obviously, the side face of a single tool must be dished if clearance is to be provided.

Other devices of this type employ a plurality of tools on the theory that the clearance is thus more easily provided, but under these circumstances great care must be taken to insure proper relative positioning of the tools in order that they may cut at a common level.

Where oscillation about an axis perpendicular to the work is resorted to, the sides of the tool may be ground to give clearance if the oscillation is through 180 as has been heretofore proposed. This, however, does not provide bottom clearance, and it is furthermore difficult to grind the tool so that the cutting edges will be disposed at the same approximate point when engaging the work. To overcome this difliculty, it has been heretobefore proposed to give a tool both oscillation about a pivot transverse to the work and about a pivot perpendicular to the work. In this way, double clearance can be had, but obviously in a mounting for such a tool, undue complication is met with in securing the dual movement of the tool, and the possibilities of wear resulting in inaccurate placement of the tool are too great to enable the device to be practically produced.

An important object of this invention is the provision of a construction and mounting such that by a single oscillation of the tool about its own axis and through an acute angle either of two cutting edges may be brought into engagement and the double clearance is provided, so that the tool may be conveniently and practically employed for cutting operations in both directions of the reciprocatory relative movement between the tool and work.

The invention further contemplates a device of the stated character wherein the setting of the tool with respect to the work is an extremely 5 simple one and wherein the tool itself is both inexpensive to manufacture and easy to maintain in proper working condition.

The invention further resides in certain novel mechanical details and structural features here- 10 inafter described and illustrated in the attached drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a transverse fragmentary sectional view of a portion of a planing machine made in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is an end elevational view of that portion of the planer shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 33, Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4, Fig. 1;

Figs. 5 and 6 are views in perspective of the 20 cutting tool in the respective cutting positions;

Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the tool disposed in an intermediate position;

Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7 indicating in dotted lines the manner in which 25 clearance for the longitudinal edge of the tool is obtained;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view illustrating a portion of a plate planing machine equipped with a tool holder made in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 10 is a view of the front end of the tool holder as viewed from the line ill-i0 of Fig. 9,

and i Fig. 11 is a corresponding view of the rear end of the tool holder.

With reference to Figs. 1 to 4 of the drawings, l is the table of a planing machine, 2 is the cross rail, .and 3 the saddle which slides and is intermittently fed upon the rail transversely of the table i through the medium of a screw t and 40 associated mechanism forming no part of the present invention. Mounted for vertical adjustment upon the saddle 3 is the slide 5 which sup ports the tool holder 6. As indicated, the holder 6 in the present instance is journaled in the slide 45 5 upon a pin 1, and is adjustable upon this pin from the angular position in which it is shown in Fig. 1 to a corresponding angular position at the other side of a vertical line intersecting the axis of the pin 1. Bolts 8, B extend through ar- 50 cuate slots 9 in the upper end of the holder 6 and into tapped holes in the slide 5 to lock the holder 6 in the desired position of adjustment.

The tool holder carries rotatably mounted therein a cylindrical chuck II, which has in its 55 lower exposed end a slotted recess for reception of a cutting tool l2. This recess affords angularly related seating faces A and B so disposed that the cutting tool l2 when disposed thereagainst has its axis coincident with the rotative axis of the chuck Ii. The tool is retained in the chuck and against the face A by means of a set screw 13 threaded into the chuck II, said set screw being accessible for adjustment through an opening i4 extending inwardly from a. side surface of the holder 6' and intersecting the longitudinal cylindrical opening of the holder in which the chuck is mounted, (see Fig. 4). locked in the chuck and against the face B by means of a wedge l5 also shown in Fig. 4 which is inserted in a transverse opening IS in the chuck through an inwardly tapering port I! in the side of the holder 6.

Means are provided for limiting rotation of the chuck II. In the present illustration, the upper projecting end of the chuck H has keyed thereto at Ila a sleeve I! having a radial projection I8, this projection extending into an arcuate recess I9 in the upper end of the holder 6. The sleeve ll rests in the bottom of a countersunk recess at the top of the chuck cylinder, and is held in place in the present instance by means of a collar 2| secured to the upper end of the chuck by means of a set screw 22. As shown in Fig. 3, the recess I9 is of somewhat greater width than the projection l8 so that a certain limited rotation of the chuck in the holder is permitted, the projection l8 in conjunction with the walls 'of the recess l9 constituting a stop means for limiting the extent of this rotary movement.

As shown in Fig. 1, the chuck II has secured thereto intermediate its ends a. worm wheel 23, this worm wheel meshing with a worm 24 on the shaft of a torque motor 25 suitably mounted on the holder 6. Both the worm and worm wheel are accessible through an opening in the face of the holder 6 which is normally closed by a suitable cover 26. Such torque motors, as is well known to those familiar with the art, merely comprise small motors the windings of which are such that they may exercise a torque even against an overload suflicient to completely stop the motor without damage to the motor.

As shown in Fig. 2, the motor 25 is connected in an electric circuit designated generally by the reference numeral 21, which system also includes a double pole switch 28, through the medium of which the operating current for the motor may be reversed. This switch is operatively associated through the medium of adjustable stops 29,29 with the table I of the machine whereby at opposite ends of a predetermined table stroke the motor 25 is reversed. Obviously, reversal of the motor will cause a rotary adjustment in the holder 6 of the chuck II to the extent permitted by the stop element l8. In a construction of this character, adjustment of the angle through which the tool and chuck rotate is obtained by removing sleeve l1 and substituting therefor a similar sleeve having a projection l8 of a different width, or by providing an adjustable stop.

In apparatus of the type described, it will be obvious that the tool may be disposed at the junction of two planes, one transverse and perpendicular to the work table and the other longitudinal and acutely angular to the work table. The tool employed is of a character more clearly shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings. This tool is ground on the round nose without any clearance, this nose and one edge of the face co- The tool I2 is further acting with the end faces F to produce at opposite ends of such side cutting edges 32 and 33. With the tool in an intermediate position such as shown in the solid lines of Figs. 7 and 8, that is to say, with the stop I8 half way between the ends of the recess IS, the nose and side face of the tool parallel the cut previously formed. When the tool is moved in either direction from this central position about its axis, one or the other of the cutting edges 32 and 33 is brought into engagement with the work. In Fig. 8, the dotted line position illustrates the cutting edge 32 as brought into engagement with the work, and obviously rotation in the opposite direction will bring the cutting edge 33 into engagement therewith. It will be noted that as the cutting edge is brought into engagement,longitudinal clearance is provided between the side face S and the edge of the cut C, as indicated at 34a. By an inspection of Figs. 5 and 6, it will be noted that this rotation likewise lifts the heel or trailing edge of the tool so that a clearance 34 is formed between the bottom of the cut and what is then the heel of the tool. After a single adjustment of the tool, no manipulation thereof is necessary other than that necessary to secure the rotation of the tool about its axis through the medium of the chuck, and as hereinbe'fore set forth, this is ordinarily taken care of automatically. The clearance provided may be determined both through the medium of the stop element l8 and through the extent of angular displacement of the axis of the tool from a perpendicular to the work.

In the present instance, adjustment of the tool from one cutting angle to the other is effected automatically through the torque motor 25, which as previously set forth is controlled by the switch 28. Referring to Fig. 2, it will be noted that with the table I moving in the direction indicated by the arrow and subsequently to the disengagement of the tool with the work 3|, the stop 29 will engage the upstanding arm of the switch 28 which lies in its path, thereby actuating the switch to effect a reversal of the motor 25 and a corresponding adjustment of the chuck II to a position bringing the tool into position for the reverse out. A corresponding operation occurs when the tool reaches the opposite end of its travel to return the switch 28 to its original position again reversing the torque motor 25.

In Figs. 9, 10 and 11, I have illustrated by invention as applied to a plate planing machine wherein the bed of the machine is indicated by the reference numeral 35. 36 is the carriage of the machine, which is movable along the bed through the medium of a suitable screw 31. Mounted on the carriage is a vertical slide 38, which may be raised and lowered by means of a screw 39 journaled in the slide 38 and engaging a stationary nut 4| on the carriage 36. The screw 39 is rotated through the medium of a shaft 42 journaled in the slide 38 and operatively connected with the screw 39 by bevel pinions 43 and 44. The outer end of the shaft 42 is adapted for reception of a suitable wrench 45. The vertical slide 38 carries a horizontal slide 45 which is adjustable upon the vertical slide by means of a screw 46 which is journaled in the horizontal slide and engages a nut 41 fixed in the vertical slide 38. The horizontal slide 45 has mounted therein a tool holder 48 which is pivotally mounted on horizontal pins 49 fixed in the holder 45 and projecting into trunnion holes in opposite sides of the said tool holder. As illustrated, the holder is mounted in a vertical slot 5| in the horizontal slide 45, the slot tapering towards the rear end of the holder so that the holder 48 is permitted to swing upon its pivotal axis within the limits of the said slot from a position where its axis is at an acute angle to the bed to a position where it is perpendicular to the bed. A pin P is provided for locking the holder in adjusted position within the slot;

In the cylindrical interior of the holder 48 is mounted a chuck 52, this chuck having a reduced extension 53 at its. rear end which extends through a cylindrical opening at the rear of the holder 48 and is formed at its outer end for reception of a suitable handle 54, by means of which the chuck 52 may be rotated about its longitudinal axis within the holder 48. Secured to the rear end of the holder 48 and engaging a shoulder on the reduced extension 53 of the chuck 521s a ring 55, and this ring has detachably secured thereto a stop element 55, see Fig. 11. Keyed or otherwise iixed to the rear projecting end of the chuck 52 is a ring 51 having radially projecting lugs 58, 58 at opposite sides of the stop element 56, see Fig. 11, these lugs being threaded for reception of set screws 59 which may be adjusted to regulate the angular movement of the chuck 52 about its axis through engagement with the opposite sides of the stop element 56. With the stop element 56 in position, it is apparent that the chuck 52 may be rotated in its holder 48 to an extent determined by the set screws 59 in the lugs 58. Obviously, if one end of the end face F of the tool is ground away slightly more than the other and the tool is exactly disposed upon its axis, or if these faces are equally ground .and the tool is slightly displaced from its axis, then with an equal rotation of the tool from a central position one face will tend to cut more deeply than the other, producing an uneven surface. This may be compensated for by adjustment of the set screws 58 so that both faces will be cutting upon the same level and through the same approximate distance even under the conditions outlined above. At its forward end, the chuck 52 is recessed for reception of a cutting tool 5| which may be confined in the chuck by means of set screws 62 in the holder 48 which are accessible for adjustment through registering openings 63 and-64 in the horizontal slide 45 and in the holder 48 respectively.

The tool in this instance may be identical with that previously described, and its mode of operation and adjustment with respect to the work and into the alternative cutting positions is accomplished in like manner but through the medium in the present instance of the manuallyadjustable lever 54. It will be noted that in each cutting position of the tool, the stresses exerted upon the tool by the work are in the direction tending to retain the tool in its then cutting position, so that there is no tendency of the tool to misadjustment from the normal cutting positions. It will be further noted that in the embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 11, the stop element 56 is detachable to permit an adjustment of the chuck through an angle of 180", where such adjustment is required for certain operations. For these adjustments means is provided as an adjunct of the handle 54 to accurately position this handle at the opposite ends of the 180 arc. For this purpose, a spring-pressed pin 65 mounted in a boss in the handle 54 is adapted to engage in apertures 68 in the slide 45 when 'the said handle is in the alternative positions at the opposite ends of the 180 arc.

The aforesaid device constitutes a material improvement over the prior method of tool-holding and adjusting means. It avoids the necessity for relatively complicated tool-holding and adjustment devices, and makes possible the use of a tool of extreme simplicity of form which is both cheap to manufacture and to maintain in proper condition. It will be noted that the adjustment of the tool into the alternative cutting positions is effected through a simple adjustment of the chuck about its own axis through .a relatively small angle, and involves no adjustment of any of the elements of the machine.

I claim:

I. In a planing machine, the combination with a table, of a tool having two cutting edges at opposite ends of a side thereof longitudinal to the table, means to support said tool with its longitudinal axis in fixed intersecting planes, one transverse and perpendicular to the table and the other. longitudinal and acutely angular to the table, means for relatively reciprocating the table and support in a direction longitudinal to the table, and means to oscillate said. tool about its axis through an acute angle in timed relation to such reciprocation without disturbing the position of the axis with relation to the table.

2. In a planer or the like, a work table, a tool having a cutting edge 'at each end of a side face thereof, means for relatively reciprocating the 30 work table and tool to cause the tool to traverse work supported on the work table, means to relatively move the tool and work table to cause the tool traverse to feed across the face of the work, means to support the tool with its longitudinal axis in fixed intersecting planes, one perpendicular to the work in the direction of feed and the other acutely inclined to the work in the direction of traverse, andmeans to rotate the tool about its own longitudinal axis through a predetermined angle of less than without shifting the position of the axis to thereby alternately place said cutting edges in advance in the direction of progress.

3. In a planing machine, the combination with a table, of a tool having two cutting edges at opposite ends of a side thereof longitudinal to the table, means to support said tool with its longitudinal axis in fixed intersecting planes, one transverse and perpendicular to the table and the other longitudinal and acutely angular to the table. means for relatively reciprocating the table and support in a direction longitudinal to the table, means to oscillate said tool about its axis through an acute angle in timed relation to such reciprocation without disturbing the position of the axis with relation to the table, said side face in an intermediate position of the oscillation of said tool paralleling the cut, and independent adjusting means to determine the extent of rotation of the tool from such intermediate position.

4. In a planing machine, the combination with a table, of a tool having two cutting edges at opposite ends of a side thereof longitudinal to the table, means to support said tool with its longitudinal axis in fixed intersecting planes, one transverse and perpendicular to the table and the other longitudinal and acutely angular to the table, means for relatively reciprocating the table and support in a direction longitudinal to the table, means to oscillate said tool about its axis through an acute angle in timed relation to such reciprocation without disturbing the position of the axis with relation to the table comprising stop means limiting rotation of the tool in either direction, a motor operatively connected to the tool and constantly tending to rotate the same, and means at either terminal 01' the relative reciprocation oi the table and support for' reversing the direction of rotation of said motor.

5. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein means are provided to adjustably determine the extent of the angle through which the tool is rotated.

6. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means for oscillating the tool comprises a torque motor having constant driving connection with the tool, and means for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor at each terminal of the relative reciprocation between the table and tool.

7. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tool is mounted in a chuck rotatable about its own axis, means limiting rotation of the chuck comprising a part removable to permit rotation of the chuck through an angle 01' 180 degrees and means to hold the chuck in rotatably adiusted positions spaced from one another through 180 degrees.

8. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means for oscillating the tool comprises a torque motor having constant driving connection with the tool, means for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor at each terminal or the relative reciprocation between the table and tool, and means to adiustably determine the extent oi. the angle through which the tool is rotated.

GEORGE H. BENZON, JR. 

